العنف في المدرسة · Programme: Obligation · Grammar: have to / must; has to, will have to; prepositions of location and movement
By the end of this lesson, I can:
- I can understand an interview about bullying
- I can express obligation with must / have to / has to
- I can talk about past and future obligation with had to / will have to
- I can use prepositions of place (over, next to) and movement (along, across)
- I can hear the difference between /e/ and /æ/
🖼️ Picture dictionary قاموس مصوّر
tap 🔊 to listen📚 كلمات الدرس
12 كلمة من هذا الدرس في القاموس المدرسي: المعنى بالعربية والفرنسية، والنطق، ومثال.
📖 Read: School magazine: “Speak up!” — an interview with Aziz أقرأ
Our reporter, Meriem, talked to Aziz, 14, about a difficult time in his life.
Do you understand? أفهم
Answer in your copybook first, then check.
- Why did Aziz’s family move to Bizerte?
Answer
Because of his father’s job.
- Why did some boys laugh at him?
Answer
Because of his southern accent.
- Who did he talk to about the problem?
Answer
First his sister, then the school counsellor.
- Where is the counsellor’s office?
Answer
Next to the library.
- What is Aziz’s message?
Answer
Don’t stay silent if someone hurts you; say something if you see bullying.
🧩 Grammar القواعد
To express obligation (something necessary), we use:
- must + base verb — same form for all persons, often a personal or strong rule: You must tell an adult.
- have to / has to + base verb — an obligation from rules or situations: Pupils have to wear a blouse. Aziz has to take the bus.
- Past: had to » We had to move. Future: will have to » You will have to apologise.
⚠️ mustn’t = it is forbidden (You mustn’t fight). don’t have to = it is not necessary (You don’t have to stay silent).
must و have to تعبّران عن الإلزام. has to مع he/she/it. في الماضي had to وفي المستقبل will have to. انتبه: mustn’t = ممنوع، أمّا don’t have to = غير ضروري.
Obligation in the past, present and future
| Past | Present | Future |
|---|---|---|
| I had to move. | I have to / must study. | I will have to work hard. |
| She had to apologise. | She has to / must listen. | She will have to explain. |
| They didn’t have to wait. | They don’t have to pay. | They won’t have to come. |
🚫 You mustn’t taunt your classmates. (forbidden)
🆗 You don’t have to come early on Saturday. (not necessary, but you can)
Prepositions of place and movement
| Place (where?) | Example | Movement (which way?) | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| over ⬆️ | The poster is over the board. | along ➡️ | He walked along the corridor. |
| next to ↔️ | The office is next to the library. | across ↗️ | She ran across the yard. |
| under ⬇️ | My bag is under the desk. | into 🚪 | They came into the classroom. |
| between | I sit between Ali and Rim. | through | We went through the gate. |
A safe school charter
✅ We must respect everyone’s name, accent and clothes.
✅ We have to report bullying to an adult.
✅ Bullies will have to meet the counsellor and apologise.
🚫 We mustn’t film or share photos of classmates without permission.
💬 Useful expressions عبارات مفيدة
Expressing obligation
Expressing prohibition and no obligation
Giving support
🔊 Pronunciation النطق
Worked examples أمثلة محلولة
Try first, then read the solution.
Complete: Yesterday the boys … (have to) apologise to Aziz.
Step-by-step solution
- “Yesterday” » past.
- Past of have to = had to.
✓ Yesterday the boys had to apologise to Aziz.
Complete: The trip is free. You … pay.
Step-by-step solution
- Paying is not forbidden, it is just not necessary.
- Not necessary = don’t have to.
✓ You don’t have to pay.
Choose: The children walked (along / next to) the river to school.
Step-by-step solution
- “walked” shows movement.
- Following a line (a river, a street) = along.
✓ The children walked along the river to school.
⚠️ Common mistakes أخطاء شائعة
⭐ Remember أحفظ
- must / have to + base verb = obligation; he/she/it has to.
- Past: had to. Future: will have to.
- mustn’t = forbidden; don’t have to = not necessary.
- Place: over, next to, under, between. Movement: along, across, into, through.
- Bullying is never OK: speak to an adult you trust.
- /e/ as in bed, said; /æ/ as in bad, mad.
Quick quiz اختبار سريع
4 questions · instant feedback1. Complete: My brother … wear glasses to read.
2. “You mustn’t run in the corridor” means…
3. The cat walked … the wall from one end to the other.
4. Which word has the /æ/ sound?
✍️ Write: A letter to a new pupil أكتب
A younger pupil is starting at your school next year and is afraid of bullying. Write a short letter (80–120 words) to tell him or her the school rules and what to do if there is a problem.
Steps
- Start with “Dear…,” and say why you are writing.
- Give three rules with must / have to.
- Give one prohibition with mustn’t.
- Say where to find help, with prepositions (next to, over…).
- End with encouragement and “Best wishes,”.
A model text to compare with (after writing mine)
Dear Yasmine,
I know you are a little afraid of your new school, so here is some advice. At our school, everybody has to respect the others: you mustn’t make fun of anyone’s accent, name or clothes. You have to be on time, and you must listen when someone is speaking. If somebody taunts you, you don’t have to stay silent. Walk along the main corridor: the counsellor’s office is next to the library, under the big clock. She is very kind and she will help you. Last year a boy had to apologise to my friend, and now they get on well. Don’t worry — you will love it here!
Best wishes,
Rania
One good example among many: compare, don’t copy.
😊 The lighter side استراحة
Treat others as you want to be treated.
What belongs to you, but other people use it more than you do?
Answer
Your name.
Teacher: “You have to stop talking in class!” — Pupil: “But miss, I’m not talking — I’m participating!”
✅ Exercises تمارين
All exercises →6 exercises on three levels, with new questions every time.
- Choose the right answerTo do
- ClassifyTo do
- Situation 1To do
- Situation 2To do
Practise: Violence at School
True or false, complete, choose, classify and situations: instant correction with explanations.
Got the lesson? Try it yourself
6 exercises · instant correction · new questions every time
Start the exercisesPictures: Twemoji (CC-BY 4.0). Texts, explanations and exercises: Scolaire.tn.